Family members of Myanmar prisoners wait outside Insein Prison in Yangon, Myanmar, Wednesday. Myanmar freed an outspoken critic and a major ethnic rebel as it began releasing 6,300 convicts Wednesday in its latest liberalizing move, but kept several political detainees behind bars, dampening hopes for a broader amnesty. AP
YANGON, Myanmar—Myanmar freed an outspoken critic and a major ethnic rebel as it released 6,300 convicts in its latest liberalizing move, but kept some political detainees behind bars, dampening hopes for a broader amnesty.
It was not clear how many of the country’s estimated 2,000 political detainees were included in the amnesty — one estimate said only 206 of them were freed. But the released included ailing Shan Army commander Hso Hten and comedian Zarganar, who was imprisoned after criticizing the government’s response to Cyclone Nargis in 2008.
“I will be happy and I will thank the government only when all of my friends are freed,” Zarganar told The Associated Press after his release Wednesday in northernmost Kachin State.
Those held back included student leaders from Myanmar’s failed 1988 democracy uprising and a blogger serving a 12-year prison sentence.
Western governments, the UN and Myanmar’s opposition have eagerly awaited a broad political amnesty as a gesture of liberalization by the elected government after decades of harsh military rule. A failure to follow through on those hopes could hamper the country’s efforts to burnish its human rights record and win a lifting of Western economic and political sanctions.
In Washington, the State Department welcomed Wednesday’s releases, but said the Myanmar government had not published a list of those freed or designated to be freed. The department said its initial reports were that the majority of political prisoners remain in detention, including 1988 protest leader Min Ko Naing and ethnic Shan leader Hkun Htun Oo. The US, which has been seeking ways to re-engage with Myanmar, reiterated its call for the immediate release of all remaining prisoners of conscience.
Relatives of convicts held emotional reunions with loved ones outside prisons around the country Wednesday, a day after the country’s new civilian president declared an amnesty for more than 6,300 inmates — many of them ordinary criminals — on humanitarian grounds, but without disclosing any names.
On Thursday, a government official speaking on customary condition of anonymity confirmed that 6,359 inmates were released Wednesday from 43 prisons nationwide.
“The freedom of each individual is invaluable, but I wish that all political prisoners would be released,” said Myanmar’s most prominent pro-democracy campaigner, Nobel Peace Prize laureate Aung San Suu Kyi.
Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy confirmed the release of 155 political detainees, including members of her party, spokesman Nyan Win said. But other dissidents could have been freed without having contacted anyone yet. The US Campaign for Burma, a Washington, D.C.-based support group for Myanmar’s democracy movement, said late Wednesday it had confirmed the release of 206 political prisoners.
President Thein Sein, a retired senior army officer who took office in March, has launched a series of economic reforms and eased limits on freedom of speech by relaxing censorship and unblocking banned websites.
He also has started a dialogue with Suu Kyi, made calls for peace with ethnic minority rebel groups and suspended a controversial China-backed hydropower dam project after a public outcry.
“The pace of change is much faster than I would have expected,” said Monique Skidmore, a Myanmar expert at the University of Canberra. “Thein Sein must be feeling pretty secure.”
But she added that he knows the release of political prisoners must be comprehensive, “otherwise there will be no end to sanctions.”
The human rights group Amnesty International called Wednesday’s releases a “minimum first step,” and said the authorities “must immediately and unconditionally release all remaining prisoners of conscience.”
Among those released were Hso Hten, the Shan Army commander, who was serving a 106-year prison sentence for high treason following his arrest in 2005.
The activist Zarganar had been serving a 35-year sentence in Myitkyina prison.
Zarganar was detained after giving interviews to foreign media criticizing the former military rulers for being slow to respond to Cyclone Nargis, which left nearly 140,000 people dead or missing. He was convicted of causing public alarm and illegally giving information to the media.
“I am not happy at all, as none of my 14 so-called political prisoner friends from Myitkyina prison are among those freed today,” he told the AP by phone as he waited to board a plane to Yangon.
The sister of famous former student leader Min Ko Naing said she was told he was not on the list of those to be freed. “We are used to these ups and downs,” Kyi Kyi Nyunt said.
Min Ko Naing has been serving a 65-year sentence at a prison in Shan State in northeastern Myanmar since 2008 for staging a street protest against a massive fuel price hike. He was arrested in August 2007 along with other well-known former students who were previously jailed after being at the forefront of the failed pro-democracy uprising in 1988.
Activists and relatives said it appeared that most or all of his imprisoned “88 Generation” comrades remained behind bars.
Ashin Gambira, a young charismatic monk who was among the leaders of a September 2007 anti-government uprising, was not on the list of those freed, said Nai Nai, who handles political prisoner affairs for Suu Kyi’s party.
The demonstrations attracted as many as 100,000 people at their height before being brutally suppressed.
In Manila, President Benigno Aquino III urged more democratic reforms.
“There seems to be some opening of the democratic space within Myanmar,” he told a news conference. “We would like more and more of that.”